• 
• 9%
• Unverified Purchases

71 of the 800 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. The unverified purchasers have rated this product an average of 2.9 while the verified purchasers have rated this product an average of 3.7. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

Take-Back Reviewers

• 
• 51%
• have previously deleted reviews

407 of the 800 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. This is an excessively large percentage of Take-Back Reviewers which may indicate unnatural reviews.

Single-Day Reviewers

• 
• 1%
• have posted all their reviews on a single day

7 of the 800 reviewers have written multiple reviews but posted all of them on a single day. The Single-Day reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.7 while all other reviewers rated this product an average of 3.6. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 
• 8%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

67 of the 800 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.0 while reviews without substantial repetitive phrases rated this product an average of 3.6. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 44%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 2 participation groups with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 19.1% (Avg. rating: 3.5)
• Reviewers with 6-15 Reviews: 24.4% (Avg. rating: 3.9)

In total, we found that 348 reviewers (or 44%) are within an overrepresented participation group. These reviews have rated this product an average of 3.7, while all other reviews have rated this product an average of 3.5. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 
• 5%
• Created over 6 days

We counted 800 reviews for this product over the span of 1,144 days, an average of 0.7 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 5 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 6 days exceeding this threshold:

• 10 Reviews on Mar 21, 2018 (Avg. rating: 3.8)
• 6 Reviews on Feb 13, 2018 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 6 Reviews on Jan 19, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 6 Reviews on Mar 15, 2018 (Avg. rating: 3.2)
• 6 Reviews on Jul 31, 2018 (Avg. rating: 3.2)
• 6 Reviews on Mar 19, 2018 (Avg. rating: 2.3)

In total, we found that 40 reviews were created on just 6 days. Although any days with a larger number of reviews than expected is suspicious, these reviews do not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 0%
• Have an overrepresented word count

We didn't find any review word count groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 24%
• Substantial overlapping review history

188 of the 800 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.1, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.3.

Brand Repeaters

• 
• 6%
• Reviewed other products from this brand

47 of the 800 reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 0%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

We didn't detect any reviews that used language indicating they were incentivized.
Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.

• 0
• Reviews have been deleted

We have not discovered any deleted reviews for this product.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.