Never-Verified Reviewers

• 
• 2%
• have zero verified purchases

34 of the 1,772 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. The Never-Verified Reviewers have rated this product an average of 3.2 while the reviewers who have written at least one verified purchase review rated this product an average of 4.3. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Take-Back Reviewers

• 
• 45%
• have previously deleted reviews

806 of the 1,772 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. While this is more Take-Back Reviewers than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between the Take-Back Reviewers and reviewers who don't have any deleted reviews in their history isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 
• 1%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

18 of the 1,772 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.8 while reviews without substantial repetitive phrases rated this product an average of 4.2. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 40
• Reviews have been deleted

We discovered a total of 40 deleted Reviews for this product, with an average rating of 4.2. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.

Show distribution of deleted reviews

• 
• 8%
• Created over 33 days

We counted 1,772 reviews for this product over the span of 5,724 days, an average of 0.3 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 3 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 33 days exceeding this threshold:

• 7 Reviews on Feb 18, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 6 Reviews on Jan 12, 2015 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 6 Reviews on Jan 22, 2015 (Avg. rating: 3.0)
• 5 Reviews on Oct 10, 2015 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 5 Reviews on Jan 6, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 5 Reviews on May 18, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 5 Reviews on Sep 21, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 5 Reviews on Aug 19, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
• 5 Reviews on Jul 30, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 5 Reviews on Jun 7, 2017 (Avg. rating: 3.8)
• 4 Reviews on Jan 31, 2020 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 4 Reviews on Jul 17, 2015 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 4 Reviews on Mar 25, 2015 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 4 Reviews on Apr 8, 2017 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 4 Reviews on Jan 26, 2016 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 4 Reviews on Mar 30, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 4 Reviews on Sep 28, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 4 Reviews on Mar 22, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 4 Reviews on Nov 18, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 4 Reviews on Dec 4, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 4 Reviews on Apr 17, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 4 Reviews on Jul 15, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 4 Reviews on Apr 18, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 4 Reviews on Oct 16, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 4 Reviews on Apr 24, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 4 Reviews on Jan 19, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 4 Reviews on Jan 23, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 4 Reviews on Aug 30, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 4 Reviews on May 12, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 4 Reviews on May 9, 2018 (Avg. rating: 3.8)
• 4 Reviews on Sep 2, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.8)
• 4 Reviews on Feb 5, 2017 (Avg. rating: 3.0)
• 4 Reviews on May 29, 2016 (Avg. rating: 2.3)
Show All

In total, we found that 146 reviews were created on just 33 days. Although any days with a larger number of reviews than expected is suspicious, the discrepancy in ratings from reviews created on these high volume days and reviews created on other days isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 14%
• Unverified Purchases

253 of the 1,772 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

• 
• 0%
• Have an overrepresented word count

We didn't find any review word count groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 7%
• Substantial overlapping review history

121 of the 1,772 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

• 
• 29%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 1 participation group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 6-15 Reviews: 29.3% (Avg. rating: 4.2)

In total, we found that 519 reviewers (or 29%) are within an overrepresented participation group. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.2, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.3.

Brand Repeaters

• 
• 10%
• Reviewed other products from this brand

186 of the 1,772 reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 0%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

1 of the 1,772 total reviews for this product admitted to receiving a free or discounted product in exchange for a review. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.