Brand Loyalists

• 
• 5%
• Reviewed mostly products from this brand

5 of the 100 reviewers have reviewed multiple products but half or more of their reviews are for this brand. This is an excessively large percentage of Brand Loyalists which may indicate unnatural reviews.

Brand Monogamists

• 
• 3%
• Reviewed only products from this brand

3 of the 100 reviewers have reviewed multiple products, but only for this brand. This is an excessively large percentage of Brand Monogamists which may indicate unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

• 
• 13%
• Created over 4 days

We counted 100 reviews for this product over the span of 991 days, an average of 0.1 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 2 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 4 days exceeding this threshold:

• 4 Reviews on Jan 1, 2017 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 3 Reviews on Dec 20, 2016 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 3 Reviews on Dec 23, 2016 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 3 Reviews on Jan 14, 2017 (Avg. rating: 4.3)

In total, we found that 13 reviews were created on just 4 days. Although any days with a larger number of reviews than expected is suspicious, the discrepancy in ratings from reviews created on these high volume days and reviews created on other days isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.4, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.3. While this discrepancy is rather large, it is not quite large enough to rule out the possibility of it being due random chance.

• 
• 33%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

33 of the 100 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. This is an excessively large percentage which may indicate unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 90%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 3 participation groups with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 32.0% (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• Reviewers with 6-15 Reviews: 38.0% (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• Reviewers with 16-30 Reviews: 20.0% (Avg. rating: 4.9)

In total, we found that 90 reviewers (or 90%) are within an overrepresented participation group. This is an excessively high number of reviewers in overrepresented participation groups.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 
• 18%
• Unverified Purchases

18 of the 100 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

• 
• 0%
• Have an overrepresented word count

We didn't find any review word count groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

One-Hit Wonders

• 
• 3%
• have only posted one review

3 of the 100 reviewers have only reviewed this product. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Never-Verified Reviewers

• 
• 2%
• have zero verified purchases

2 of the 100 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Take-Back Reviewers

• 
• 16%
• have previously deleted reviews

16 of the 100 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Single-Day Reviewers

We didn't detect a substantial amount of Single-Day Reviewers.

• 
• 31%
• Substantial overlapping review history

31 of the 100 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 1%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

1 of the 100 total reviews for this product admitted to receiving a free or discounted product in exchange for a review. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.

• 0
• Reviews have been deleted

We have not discovered any deleted reviews for this product.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.