• 7
• Reviews have been deleted

We discovered a total of 7 deleted Reviews for this product, with an average rating of 5. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.

Show distribution of deleted reviews

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 6%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

6 of the 94 total reviews for this product admitted to receiving a free or discounted product in exchange for a review. This is more than we would expect see; the presences of at least one incentivized review indicates that there may be more, since not all reviewers will disclose that they had received an incentive to post a review.

Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.

One-Hit Wonders

• 
• 12%
• have only posted one review

11 of the 94 reviewers have only reviewed this product. While this is more One-Hit Wonders than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between the One-Hit Wonders and reviewers who have posted more than one review isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 
• 18%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

17 of the 94 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. While this is more than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between the these reviews and reviews without substantial repetitive phrases isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 3%
• Created over 1 day

We counted 94 reviews for this product over the span of 1,215 days, an average of 0.1 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 2 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 1 day exceeding this threshold:

• 3 Reviews on Jul 6, 2016 (Avg. rating: 5.0)

In total, we found that 3 reviews were created on just 1 day. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 32%
• Unverified Purchases

30 of the 94 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

• 
• 26%
• Have an overrepresented word count

In the graph above, we can see the distribution of review word counts for this product and the expected distribution for this category. We see the following 1 group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• 101-200 words: 25.5% (Avg. rating: 4.8)

In total, we found that 24 reviews (or 26%) are within an overrepresented word count group. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 13%
• Substantial overlapping review history

12 of the 94 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

• 
• 0%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We didn't find any participation groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.4, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.3. While this discrepancy is rather large, it is not quite large enough to rule out the possibility of it being due random chance.

Brand Repeaters

We didn't detect a substantial amount of Brand Repeaters.