One-Hit Wonders

• 
• 13%
• have only posted one review

5 of the 40 reviewers have only reviewed this product. While this is more One-Hit Wonders than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between the One-Hit Wonders and reviewers who have posted more than one review isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Take-Back Reviewers

• 
• 10%
• have previously deleted reviews

4 of the 40 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. This is an excessively large percentage of Take-Back Reviewers which may indicate unnatural reviews.

Single-Day Reviewers

• 
• 20%
• have posted all their reviews on a single day

8 of the 40 reviewers have written multiple reviews but posted all of them on a single day. While this is more Single-Day Reviewers than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between the Single-Day Reviewers and all other reviewers isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 
• 28%
• Substantial overlapping review history

11 of the 40 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 3.9 while the reviewers who have a more unique product review history rated this product an average of 4.8. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.5, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.3. While this discrepancy is rather large, it is not quite large enough to rule out the possibility of it being due random chance.

• 
• 48%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 1 participation group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 47.5% (Avg. rating: 4.8)

In total, we found that 19 reviewers (or 48%) are within an overrepresented participation group. While this is more reviews from overrepresented participation groups than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between reviewers in an overrepresented participation groups and all other reviewers isn’t significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 
• 0%
• Created on high-volume days

We counted 40 reviews for this product over the span of 728 days, an average of 0.1 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 2 or fewer reviews on any given day. We didn't find any days exceeding this threshold.
Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 3%
• Unverified Purchases

1 of the 40 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

• 
• 0%
• Have an overrepresented word count

We didn't find any review word count groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 5%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

2 of the 40 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

Brand Repeaters

We didn't detect a substantial amount of Brand Repeaters.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 0%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

We didn't detect any reviews that used language indicating they were incentivized.
Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.

• 0
• Reviews have been deleted

We have not discovered any deleted reviews for this product.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.