• 
• 1%
• Unverified Purchases

76 of the 6,000 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. The unverified purchasers have rated this product an average of 2.6 while the verified purchasers have rated this product an average of 4.2. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

One-Hit Wonders

• 
• 14%
• have only posted one review

858 of the 6,000 reviewers have only reviewed this product. The One-Hit Wonders have rated this product an average of 4.3 while the reviewers who have posted more than one review have rated this product an average of 4.1. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Never-Verified Reviewers

• 
• 1%
• have zero verified purchases

36 of the 6,000 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. The Never-Verified Reviewers have rated this product an average of 2.6 while the reviewers who have written at least one verified purchase review rated this product an average of 4.2. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 
• 78%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 2 participation groups with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 47.8% (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• Reviewers with 6-15 Reviews: 30.1% (Avg. rating: 4.1)

In total, we found that 4672 reviewers (or 78%) are within an overrepresented participation group. These reviews have rated this product an average of 4.2, while all other reviews have rated this product an average of 3.9. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 145
• Reviews have been deleted

We discovered a total of 145 deleted Reviews for this product, with an average rating of 4.2. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.

Show distribution of deleted reviews

• 
• 5%
• Created over 32 days

We counted 6,000 reviews for this product over the span of 2,967 days, an average of 2.0 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 8 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 32 days exceeding this threshold:

• 16 Reviews on Jul 18, 2017 (Avg. rating: 3.9)
• 13 Reviews on Feb 22, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 12 Reviews on Feb 21, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.9)
• 12 Reviews on Feb 20, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 12 Reviews on Jul 22, 2015 (Avg. rating: 3.6)
• 11 Reviews on Sep 28, 2014 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 11 Reviews on Sep 7, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 11 Reviews on Aug 23, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 11 Reviews on Dec 29, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
• 11 Reviews on Jul 9, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.1)
• 11 Reviews on Dec 21, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.9)
• 11 Reviews on May 30, 2015 (Avg. rating: 3.7)
• 10 Reviews on Nov 2, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 10 Reviews on Feb 16, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.1)
• 10 Reviews on Dec 5, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.1)
• 10 Reviews on Feb 2, 2016 (Avg. rating: 3.9)
• 10 Reviews on Dec 27, 2019 (Avg. rating: 3.5)
• 9 Reviews on Oct 26, 2014 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 9 Reviews on Feb 7, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 9 Reviews on Jan 3, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 9 Reviews on Feb 24, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 9 Reviews on Aug 8, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 9 Reviews on Dec 16, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 9 Reviews on Dec 13, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 9 Reviews on Jan 1, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
• 9 Reviews on Jan 2, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.1)
• 9 Reviews on Aug 30, 2017 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 9 Reviews on Aug 16, 2015 (Avg. rating: 3.9)
• 9 Reviews on Jul 22, 2019 (Avg. rating: 3.9)
• 9 Reviews on Feb 28, 2015 (Avg. rating: 3.8)
• 9 Reviews on Feb 22, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.0)
• 9 Reviews on Dec 18, 2014 (Avg. rating: 2.6)
Show All

In total, we found that 327 reviews were created on just 32 days. Although any days with a larger number of reviews than expected is suspicious, these reviews do not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 0%
• Have an overrepresented word count

We didn't find any review word count groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 0%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

0 of the 6,000 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.
Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 16%
• Substantial overlapping review history

985 of the 6,000 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.3, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.3.

Brand Repeaters

• 
• 0%
• Reviewed other products from this brand

5 of the 6,000 reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 0%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

We didn't detect any reviews that used language indicating they were incentivized.
Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.