Blindspot: Hidden Biases of Good People
More product info
From Mahzarin R. Banaji
Refresh the report to view the most up-to-date data available:
Note: We only analyze "reviews" and ignore one-tap "ratings".
Report Card
Most Trusted Reviews
TRUST
- Verified Purchaser
- Take-Back Reviewer (1 deleted Review; avg. rating: 5.0)
- Easy Grader (avg. rating: 4.6)
Least Trusted Reviews
TRUST
- Unverified Purchaser
- Overrepresented Participation (posted 11 Reviews)
- Critical Reviewer (avg. rating: 4.3)
Analysis Details
We discovered a total of 14 deleted Reviews for this product, with an average rating of 3.8. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.
There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:
- We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
- We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
- We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.
23 of the 221 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. The unverified purchasers have rated this product an average of 3.2 while the verified purchasers have rated this product an average of 4.3. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.
Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.
Never-Verified Reviewers
6 of the 221 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. The Never-Verified Reviewers have rated this product an average of 3.0 while the reviewers who have written at least one verified purchase review rated this product an average of 4.2. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.
Take-Back Reviewers
87 of the 221 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. While this is more Take-Back Reviewers than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between the Take-Back Reviewers and reviewers who don't have any deleted reviews in their history isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.
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- 31%
- From reviewers with an overrepresented participation
We see the following 1 participation group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:In total, we found that 69 reviewers (or 31%) are within an overrepresented participation group. While this is more reviews from overrepresented participation groups than we'd expect to see, these reviews do not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.
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- 3%
- Created over 2 days
We counted 221 reviews for this product over the span of 3,007 days, an average of 0.1 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 2 or fewer reviews on any given day.
However, we see the following 2 days exceeding this threshold:In total, we found that 7 reviews were created on just 2 days. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.
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- 19%
- Have an overrepresented word count
In the graph above, we can see the distribution of review word counts for this product and the expected distribution for this category. We see the following 1 group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:In total, we found that 43 reviews (or 19%) are within an overrepresented word count group. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.
(3.6/5)
(3.5/5)
(1.0/5)
(3.7/5)
(4.7/5)
(4.0/5)
(4.0/5)
(3.3/5)
(3.5/5)
(3.6/5)
(5.0/5)
(4.4/5)
(4.4/5)
14 of the 221 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.
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17 of the 221 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.
4.2 Product's Average Ease Score
4.3 Category's Average Ease Score
Read more about our Reviewer Ease test.
Brand Repeaters
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- 0%
- Admitted to receiving an incentive
Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.