• 
• 3%
• Unverified Purchases

20 of the 796 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. The unverified purchasers have rated this product an average of 2.8 while the verified purchasers have rated this product an average of 3.5. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

One-Hit Wonders

• 
• 8%
• have only posted one review

63 of the 796 reviewers have only reviewed this product. The One-Hit Wonders have rated this product an average of 2.6 while the reviewers who have posted more than one review have rated this product an average of 3.5. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Take-Back Reviewers

• 
• 13%
• have previously deleted reviews

100 of the 796 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. The Take-Back Reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.5 while the reviewers who don't have any deleted reviews in their history have rated this product an average of 3.3. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Single-Day Reviewers

• 
• 1%
• have posted all their reviews on a single day

8 of the 796 reviewers have written multiple reviews but posted all of them on a single day. The Single-Day reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.6 while all other reviewers rated this product an average of 3.4. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 
• 7%
• Substantial overlapping review history

54 of the 796 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.4 while the reviewers who have a more unique product review history rated this product an average of 3.4. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

• 
• 40%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 1 participation group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 40.3% (Avg. rating: 2.8)

In total, we found that 321 reviewers (or 40%) are within an overrepresented participation group. These reviews have rated this product an average of 2.8, while all other reviews have rated this product an average of 3.9. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 29
• Reviews have been deleted

We discovered a total of 29 deleted Reviews for this product, with an average rating of 4.9. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.

Show distribution of deleted reviews

• 
• 25%
• Created over 27 days

We counted 796 reviews for this product over the span of 838 days, an average of 0.9 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 5 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 27 days exceeding this threshold:

• 13 Reviews on Aug 10, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.0)
• 10 Reviews on Jun 5, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.3)
• 9 Reviews on Apr 16, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 9 Reviews on Sep 28, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 9 Reviews on Jun 25, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.0)
• 9 Reviews on Jul 15, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.0)
• 9 Reviews on Aug 12, 2020 (Avg. rating: 2.0)
• 8 Reviews on Jun 22, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 8 Reviews on Aug 13, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 8 Reviews on Jun 15, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.4)
• 8 Reviews on Aug 9, 2020 (Avg. rating: 2.3)
• 7 Reviews on Jun 3, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.1)
• 7 Reviews on Jun 28, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.1)
• 7 Reviews on May 21, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.7)
• 7 Reviews on May 19, 2020 (Avg. rating: 2.9)
• 7 Reviews on Aug 11, 2020 (Avg. rating: 2.6)
• 6 Reviews on May 22, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 6 Reviews on Jul 14, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 6 Reviews on Sep 27, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.7)
• 6 Reviews on Sep 20, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.5)
• 6 Reviews on Jun 2, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.2)
• 6 Reviews on Jun 12, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.0)
• 6 Reviews on Jul 18, 2020 (Avg. rating: 2.5)
• 6 Reviews on Jul 12, 2020 (Avg. rating: 2.2)
• 6 Reviews on May 18, 2020 (Avg. rating: 2.0)
• 6 Reviews on Aug 16, 2020 (Avg. rating: 2.0)
• 6 Reviews on Aug 22, 2020 (Avg. rating: 1.8)
Show All

In total, we found that 201 reviews were created on just 27 days. This is an excessively high number of reviews submitted on these high volume days.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 0%
• Have an overrepresented word count

We didn't find any review word count groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 2%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

18 of the 796 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 3.8, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.3.

Brand Repeaters

We didn't detect a substantial amount of Brand Repeaters.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 0%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

We didn't detect any reviews that used language indicating they were incentivized.
Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.