• 
• 5%
• Unverified Purchases

112 of the 2,052 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. The unverified purchasers have rated this product an average of 3.2 while the verified purchasers have rated this product an average of 4.2. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

One-Hit Wonders

• 
• 33%
• have only posted one review

684 of the 2,052 reviewers have only reviewed this product. This is an excessively large percentage of One-Hit Wonders which may indicate unnatural reviews.

Never-Verified Reviewers

• 
• 3%
• have zero verified purchases

71 of the 2,052 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. The Never-Verified Reviewers have rated this product an average of 2.8 while the reviewers who have written at least one verified purchase review rated this product an average of 4.2. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Single-Day Reviewers

• 
• 3%
• have posted all their reviews on a single day

52 of the 2,052 reviewers have written multiple reviews but posted all of them on a single day. The Single-Day reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.6 while all other reviewers rated this product an average of 4.2. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 
• 9%
• Created over 13 days

We counted 2,052 reviews for this product over the span of 595 days, an average of 3.4 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 11 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 13 days exceeding this threshold:

• 16 Reviews on Apr 2, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 16 Reviews on May 20, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 16 Reviews on Apr 25, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.9)
• 15 Reviews on May 17, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.9)
• 15 Reviews on Apr 12, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 15 Reviews on Mar 8, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 14 Reviews on Apr 29, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 14 Reviews on May 10, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 14 Reviews on Aug 9, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.6)
• 13 Reviews on Apr 22, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
• 12 Reviews on Apr 15, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 12 Reviews on Jun 7, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 12 Reviews on Jul 15, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.5)
Show All

In total, we found that 184 reviews were created on just 13 days. Although any days with a larger number of reviews than expected is suspicious, the discrepancy in ratings from reviews created on these high volume days and reviews created on other days isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 100%
• Have an overrepresented word count

In the graph above, we can see the distribution of review word counts for this product and the expected distribution for this category. We see the following 1 group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• 0-5 words: 99.6% (Avg. rating: 4.2)

In total, we found that 2,044 reviews (or 100%) are within an overrepresented word count group. This is an excessively high number of reviews in overrepresented word count groups.

Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 71%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 1 participation group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 71.5% (Avg. rating: 4.1)

In total, we found that 1467 reviewers (or 71%) are within an overrepresented participation group. This is an excessively high number of reviewers in overrepresented participation groups.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 
• 1%
• Substantial overlapping review history

22 of the 2,052 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.2, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.2.

Brand Repeaters

• 
• 1%
• Reviewed other products from this brand

12 of the 2,052 reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

• 0
• Reviews have been deleted

We have not discovered any deleted reviews for this product.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.

We have not yet completed optimization for this test for Hanzi or Kanji.

We have not yet completed optimization for this test for Hanzi or Kanji.