• 28
• Reviews have been deleted

We discovered a total of 28 deleted Reviews for this product, with an average rating of 4.8. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.

Show distribution of deleted reviews

• 
• 36%
• Created over 15 days

We counted 231 reviews for this product over the span of 1,517 days, an average of 0.2 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 2 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 15 days exceeding this threshold:

• 18 Reviews on Oct 28, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.9)
• 9 Reviews on Oct 27, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 7 Reviews on Oct 26, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.9)
• 6 Reviews on Nov 3, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 5 Reviews on Oct 29, 2015 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 5 Reviews on Oct 31, 2015 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 5 Reviews on Nov 1, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 5 Reviews on Jan 23, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 4 Reviews on Oct 30, 2015 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 4 Reviews on Nov 2, 2015 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 3 Reviews on Nov 5, 2015 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 3 Reviews on Jan 4, 2016 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 3 Reviews on Jan 24, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 3 Reviews on Oct 24, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 3 Reviews on Dec 9, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
Show All

In total, we found that 83 reviews were created on just 15 days. The reviews on these high volume days have rated this product an average of 4.8 while reviews from other days have rated this product an average of 4.1. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 62%
• Unverified Purchases

144 of the 231 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. The unverified purchasers have rated this product an average of 4.6 while the verified purchasers have rated this product an average of 4.0. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

Brand Repeaters

• 
• 42%
• Reviewed other products from this brand

96 of the 231 reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. While this is more Brand Repeaters than we'd expect to see, it does not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Brand Loyalists

• 
• 7%
• Reviewed mostly products from this brand

17 of the 231 reviewers have reviewed multiple products but half or more of their reviews are for this brand. This is an excessively large percentage of Brand Loyalists which may indicate unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

Never-Verified Reviewers

• 
• 19%
• have zero verified purchases

44 of the 231 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. The Never-Verified Reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.8 while the reviewers who have written at least one verified purchase review rated this product an average of 4.3. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Take-Back Reviewers

• 
• 47%
• have previously deleted reviews

108 of the 231 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. While this is more Take-Back Reviewers than we'd expect to see, it does not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.4, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 3.9. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

• 
• 78%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

181 of the 231 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.5 while reviews without substantial repetitive phrases rated this product an average of 3.9. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 0%
• Have an overrepresented word count

We didn't find any review word count groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 17%
• Substantial overlapping review history

40 of the 231 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

• 
• 0%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We didn't find any participation groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 0%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

We didn't detect any reviews that used language indicating they were incentivized.
Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.