• 21
• Reviews have been deleted

We discovered a total of 21 deleted Reviews for this product, with an average rating of 3.5. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.

Show distribution of deleted reviews

• 
• 24%
• Created over 21 days

We counted 331 reviews for this product over the span of 2,309 days, an average of 0.1 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 2 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 21 days exceeding this threshold:

• 7 Reviews on Jun 1, 2016 (Avg. rating: 3.6)
• 6 Reviews on Jun 5, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 5 Reviews on Sep 12, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 5 Reviews on Mar 29, 2017 (Avg. rating: 3.4)
• 4 Reviews on Jul 1, 2016 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 4 Reviews on Jul 30, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 4 Reviews on Nov 4, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 4 Reviews on Mar 27, 2017 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 3 Reviews on May 22, 2016 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 3 Reviews on Jul 21, 2016 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 3 Reviews on Apr 5, 2017 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 3 Reviews on Jun 12, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 3 Reviews on Jul 19, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 3 Reviews on Jul 23, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 3 Reviews on Apr 3, 2017 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 3 Reviews on Jul 29, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 3 Reviews on Jul 7, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 3 Reviews on Jun 2, 2016 (Avg. rating: 3.7)
• 3 Reviews on Jul 15, 2016 (Avg. rating: 3.7)
• 3 Reviews on Oct 23, 2016 (Avg. rating: 3.7)
• 3 Reviews on Aug 8, 2016 (Avg. rating: 3.3)
Show All

In total, we found that 78 reviews were created on just 21 days. The reviews on these high volume days have rated this product an average of 4.4 while reviews from other days have rated this product an average of 3.8. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

Never-Verified Reviewers

• 
• 2%
• have zero verified purchases

5 of the 331 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. The Never-Verified Reviewers have rated this product an average of 2.4 while the reviewers who have written at least one verified purchase review rated this product an average of 3.9. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 
• 26%
• Substantial overlapping review history

87 of the 331 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.1 while the reviewers who have a more unique product review history rated this product an average of 3.8. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

• 
• 77%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 2 participation groups with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 32.3% (Avg. rating: 3.8)
• Reviewers with 6-15 Reviews: 44.4% (Avg. rating: 4.0)

In total, we found that 254 reviewers (or 77%) are within an overrepresented participation group. This is an excessively high number of reviewers in overrepresented participation groups.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 
• 9%
• Unverified Purchases

29 of the 331 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

• 
• 0%
• Have an overrepresented word count

We didn't find any review word count groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 1%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

3 of the 331 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.1, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.3.

Brand Repeaters

• 
• 10%
• Reviewed other products from this brand

34 of the 331 reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 0%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

We didn't detect any reviews that used language indicating they were incentivized.
Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.