• 
• 18%
• Substantial overlapping review history

33 of the 187 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 5.0 while the reviewers who have a more unique product review history rated this product an average of 4.7. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

• 
• 16%
• Created over 5 days

We counted 187 reviews for this product over the span of 2,498 days, an average of 0.1 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 2 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 5 days exceeding this threshold:

• 9 Reviews on Jul 10, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.9)
• 6 Reviews on Nov 22, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 6 Reviews on Jul 2, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 5 Reviews on May 17, 2015 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 3 Reviews on May 18, 2015 (Avg. rating: 5.0)

In total, we found that 29 reviews were created on just 5 days. This is an excessively high number of reviews submitted on these high volume days.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

Brand Loyalists

• 
• 4%
• Reviewed mostly products from this brand

7 of the 187 reviewers have reviewed multiple products but half or more of their reviews are for this brand. While this is more Brand Loyalists than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between the Brand Loyalists and non-loyalists isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

One-Hit Wonders

• 
• 18%
• have only posted one review

33 of the 187 reviewers have only reviewed this product. While this is more One-Hit Wonders than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between the One-Hit Wonders and reviewers who have posted more than one review isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.5, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.4. While this discrepancy is rather large, it is not quite large enough to rule out the possibility of it being due random chance.

• 
• 25%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

47 of the 187 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. This is an excessively large percentage which may indicate unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 49%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 1 participation group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 48.7% (Avg. rating: 4.9)

In total, we found that 91 reviewers (or 49%) are within an overrepresented participation group. While this is more reviews from overrepresented participation groups than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between reviewers in an overrepresented participation groups and all other reviewers isn’t significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 
• 44%
• Unverified Purchases

83 of the 187 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

• 
• 0%
• Have an overrepresented word count

We didn't find any review word count groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 0%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

We didn't detect any reviews that used language indicating they were incentivized.
Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.

• 0
• Reviews have been deleted

We have not discovered any deleted reviews for this product.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.