The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.6, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.4. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

• 
• 87%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 2 participation groups with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 54.7% (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• Reviewers with 6-15 Reviews: 32.4% (Avg. rating: 4.8)

In total, we found that 836 reviewers (or 87%) are within an overrepresented participation group. These reviews have rated this product an average of 4.8, while all other reviews have rated this product an average of 4.6. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 5
• Reviews have been deleted

We discovered a total of 5 deleted Reviews for this product, with an average rating of 5. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.

Show distribution of deleted reviews

• 
• 12%
• Created over 12 days

We counted 959 reviews for this product over the span of 560 days, an average of 1.7 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 7 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 12 days exceeding this threshold:

• 14 Reviews on May 19, 2017 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 12 Reviews on May 4, 2017 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 10 Reviews on May 3, 2017 (Avg. rating: 4.9)
• 10 Reviews on Jul 12, 2017 (Avg. rating: 2.3)
• 9 Reviews on Apr 19, 2017 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 9 Reviews on Jun 9, 2017 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 9 Reviews on Jun 13, 2017 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 9 Reviews on Jul 18, 2017 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 8 Reviews on May 15, 2017 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 8 Reviews on Jun 2, 2017 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 8 Reviews on May 14, 2017 (Avg. rating: 4.9)
• 8 Reviews on May 8, 2017 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
Show All

In total, we found that 114 reviews were created on just 12 days. Although any days with a larger number of reviews than expected is suspicious, these reviews do not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

One-Hit Wonders

• 
• 18%
• have only posted one review

172 of the 959 reviewers have only reviewed this product. While this is more One-Hit Wonders than we'd expect to see, it does not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Take-Back Reviewers

• 
• 4%
• have previously deleted reviews

36 of the 959 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. While this is more Take-Back Reviewers than we'd expect to see, it does not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 
• 17%
• Unverified Purchases

160 of the 959 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

• 
• 24%
• Have an overrepresented word count

In the graph above, we can see the distribution of review word counts for this product and the expected distribution for this category. We see the following 1 group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• 0-5 words: 24.0% (Avg. rating: 4.8)

In total, we found that 230 reviews (or 24%) are within an overrepresented word count group. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 1%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

11 of the 959 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 5%
• Substantial overlapping review history

52 of the 959 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

Brand Repeaters

We didn't detect a substantial amount of Brand Repeaters.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 0%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

2 of the 959 total reviews for this product admitted to receiving a free or discounted product in exchange for a review. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.