• 
• 20%
• Unverified Purchases

127 of the 651 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. The unverified purchasers have rated this product an average of 2.8 while the verified purchasers have rated this product an average of 3.8. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

Never-Verified Reviewers

• 
• 4%
• have zero verified purchases

26 of the 651 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. The Never-Verified Reviewers have rated this product an average of 2.6 while the reviewers who have written at least one verified purchase review rated this product an average of 3.6. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Take-Back Reviewers

• 
• 3%
• have previously deleted reviews

19 of the 651 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. While this is more Take-Back Reviewers than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between the Take-Back Reviewers and reviewers who don't have any deleted reviews in their history isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 
• 11%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

74 of the 651 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 3.9 while reviews without substantial repetitive phrases rated this product an average of 3.6. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 22%
• Substantial overlapping review history

146 of the 651 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.0 while the reviewers who have a more unique product review history rated this product an average of 3.5. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

• 
• 60%
• Created over 32 days

We counted 651 reviews for this product over the span of 1,101 days, an average of 0.6 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 4 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 32 days exceeding this threshold:

• 27 Reviews on Jun 26, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.0)
• 26 Reviews on Jun 25, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.7)
• 24 Reviews on Jun 28, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.2)
• 24 Reviews on Jun 27, 2014 (Avg. rating: 2.8)
• 23 Reviews on Jun 29, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.7)
• 23 Reviews on Jul 1, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.5)
• 23 Reviews on Jun 30, 2014 (Avg. rating: 2.8)
• 19 Reviews on Jun 24, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
• 15 Reviews on Jul 7, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 15 Reviews on Jul 2, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.8)
• 13 Reviews on Jul 8, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.3)
• 12 Reviews on Jul 5, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.8)
• 12 Reviews on Jul 4, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.3)
• 11 Reviews on Jul 10, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.5)
• 11 Reviews on Jul 12, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.4)
• 11 Reviews on Jul 3, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.3)
• 10 Reviews on Jul 11, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.2)
• 9 Reviews on Jul 9, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.7)
• 8 Reviews on Jul 6, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.3)
• 6 Reviews on Jul 18, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 6 Reviews on Aug 24, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 6 Reviews on Jul 22, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.5)
• 6 Reviews on Jul 30, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.2)
• 6 Reviews on Aug 2, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.2)
• 6 Reviews on Aug 19, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.2)
• 6 Reviews on Jul 14, 2014 (Avg. rating: 1.5)
• 5 Reviews on Aug 9, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 5 Reviews on Jul 23, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 5 Reviews on Aug 5, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 5 Reviews on Jul 28, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.8)
• 5 Reviews on Jul 16, 2014 (Avg. rating: 2.8)
• 5 Reviews on Jul 27, 2014 (Avg. rating: 2.4)
Show All

In total, we found that 388 reviews were created on just 32 days. This is an excessively high number of reviews submitted on these high volume days.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 70%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 2 participation groups with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 25.5% (Avg. rating: 3.3)
• Reviewers with 6-15 Reviews: 44.9% (Avg. rating: 3.6)

In total, we found that 458 reviewers (or 70%) are within an overrepresented participation group. This is an excessively high number of reviewers in overrepresented participation groups.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 
• 0%
• Have an overrepresented word count

We didn't find any review word count groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.1, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.3.

Brand Repeaters

• 
• 6%
• Reviewed other products from this brand

37 of the 651 reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 1%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

5 of the 651 total reviews for this product admitted to receiving a free or discounted product in exchange for a review. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.

• 0
• Reviews have been deleted

We have not discovered any deleted reviews for this product.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.