• 16
• Reviews have been deleted

We discovered a total of 16 deleted Reviews for this product, with an average rating of 4.5. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.

Show distribution of deleted reviews

One-Hit Wonders

• 
• 13%
• have only posted one review

24 of the 190 reviewers have only reviewed this product. While this is more One-Hit Wonders than we'd expect to see, it does not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Never-Verified Reviewers

• 
• 21%
• have zero verified purchases

40 of the 190 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. While this is more Never-Verified Reviewers than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between the Never-Verified Reviewers and reviewers who have written at least one verified purchase review isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 
• 31%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

58 of the 190 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. This is an excessively large percentage which may indicate unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 65%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 2 participation groups with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 37.9% (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• Reviewers with 6-15 Reviews: 27.4% (Avg. rating: 4.4)

In total, we found that 124 reviewers (or 65%) are within an overrepresented participation group. This is an excessively high number of reviewers in overrepresented participation groups.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 
• 4%
• Created over 4 days

We counted 190 reviews for this product over the span of 6,199 days, an average of 0.0 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 1 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 4 days exceeding this threshold:

• 2 Reviews on Mar 22, 2007 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 2 Reviews on Dec 23, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 2 Reviews on May 14, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 2 Reviews on Dec 9, 2004 (Avg. rating: 3.5)

In total, we found that 8 reviews were created on just 4 days. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 35%
• Unverified Purchases

66 of the 190 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

• 
• 25%
• Have an overrepresented word count

In the graph above, we can see the distribution of review word counts for this product and the expected distribution for this category. We see the following 1 group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• 101-200 words: 24.7% (Avg. rating: 4.4)

In total, we found that 47 reviews (or 25%) are within an overrepresented word count group. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 18%
• Substantial overlapping review history

35 of the 190 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.1, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.4.

Brand Repeaters

• 
• 1%
• Reviewed other products from this brand

2 of the 190 reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 0%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

We didn't detect any reviews that used language indicating they were incentivized.
Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.