One-Hit Wonders

• 
• 15%
• have only posted one review

70 of the 465 reviewers have only reviewed this product. The One-Hit Wonders have rated this product an average of 2.1 while the reviewers who have posted more than one review have rated this product an average of 2.8. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Never-Verified Reviewers

• 
• 3%
• have zero verified purchases

16 of the 465 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. The Never-Verified Reviewers have rated this product an average of 1.9 while the reviewers who have written at least one verified purchase review rated this product an average of 2.8. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Take-Back Reviewers

• 
• 30%
• have previously deleted reviews

138 of the 465 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. The Take-Back Reviewers have rated this product an average of 3.4 while the reviewers who don't have any deleted reviews in their history have rated this product an average of 2.4. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Single-Day Reviewers

• 
• 3%
• have posted all their reviews on a single day

12 of the 465 reviewers have written multiple reviews but posted all of them on a single day. The Single-Day reviewers have rated this product an average of 1.7 while all other reviewers rated this product an average of 2.8. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 
• 6%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

28 of the 465 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 1.3 while reviews without substantial repetitive phrases rated this product an average of 2.8. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 80%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 3 participation groups with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 35.9% (Avg. rating: 2.1)
• Reviewers with 6-15 Reviews: 27.3% (Avg. rating: 2.6)
• Reviewers with 16-30 Reviews: 16.8% (Avg. rating: 3.2)

In total, we found that 372 reviewers (or 80%) are within an overrepresented participation group. These reviews have rated this product an average of 2.5, while all other reviews have rated this product an average of 3.5. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 1
• Review has been deleted

We discovered a total of 1 deleted Review for this product, with an average rating of 5. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.

Show distribution of deleted reviews

• 
• 14%
• Created over 17 days

We counted 465 reviews for this product over the span of 5,870 days, an average of 0.1 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 2 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 17 days exceeding this threshold:

• 6 Reviews on Jan 7, 2017 (Avg. rating: 1.7)
• 6 Reviews on Feb 23, 2015 (Avg. rating: 1.2)
• 5 Reviews on Feb 24, 2015 (Avg. rating: 1.8)
• 5 Reviews on Jan 8, 2017 (Avg. rating: 1.0)
• 4 Reviews on Feb 18, 2016 (Avg. rating: 3.8)
• 4 Reviews on Mar 1, 2016 (Avg. rating: 3.8)
• 4 Reviews on Feb 14, 2017 (Avg. rating: 3.0)
• 4 Reviews on Jan 9, 2017 (Avg. rating: 2.8)
• 3 Reviews on Feb 3, 2015 (Avg. rating: 3.7)
• 3 Reviews on Jan 13, 2017 (Avg. rating: 3.7)
• 3 Reviews on Feb 16, 2015 (Avg. rating: 3.0)
• 3 Reviews on Feb 24, 2017 (Avg. rating: 3.0)
• 3 Reviews on Mar 15, 2017 (Avg. rating: 2.3)
• 3 Reviews on Feb 17, 2016 (Avg. rating: 2.0)
• 3 Reviews on Feb 7, 2021 (Avg. rating: 1.3)
• 3 Reviews on Feb 6, 2015 (Avg. rating: 1.0)
• 3 Reviews on Feb 28, 2015 (Avg. rating: 1.0)
Show All

In total, we found that 65 reviews were created on just 17 days. Although any days with a larger number of reviews than expected is suspicious, these reviews do not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

Brand Loyalists

• 
• 3%
• Reviewed mostly products from this brand

12 of the 465 reviewers have reviewed multiple products but half or more of their reviews are for this brand. While this is more Brand Loyalists than we'd expect to see, it does not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

• 
• 11%
• Unverified Purchases

53 of the 465 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

• 
• 24%
• Have an overrepresented word count

In the graph above, we can see the distribution of review word counts for this product and the expected distribution for this category. We see the following 1 group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• 6-15 words: 24.1% (Avg. rating: 2.7)

In total, we found that 112 reviews (or 24%) are within an overrepresented word count group. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 4%
• Substantial overlapping review history

18 of the 465 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 3.5, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.3.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 0%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

We didn't detect any reviews that used language indicating they were incentivized.
Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.