Never-Verified Reviewers

• 
• 10%
• have zero verified purchases

803 of the 7,829 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. The Never-Verified Reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.4 while the reviewers who have written at least one verified purchase review rated this product an average of 4.2. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 
• 70%
• Have an overrepresented word count

In the graph above, we can see the distribution of review word counts for this product and the expected distribution for this category. We see the following 3 groups with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• 16-25 words: 23.3% (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 26-40 words: 26.3% (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 41-65 words: 20.2% (Avg. rating: 4.3)

In total, we found that 5,461 reviews (or 70%) are within an overrepresented word count group. These reviews have rated this product an average of 4.3, while all other reviews have rated this product an average of 4.1. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 9%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

718 of the 7,829 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.9 while reviews without substantial repetitive phrases rated this product an average of 4.2. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 81%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 3 participation groups with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 26.0% (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• Reviewers with 6-15 Reviews: 38.4% (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• Reviewers with 16-30 Reviews: 17.1% (Avg. rating: 4.2)

In total, we found that 6379 reviewers (or 81%) are within an overrepresented participation group. These reviews have rated this product an average of 4.3, while all other reviews have rated this product an average of 4.1. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 
• 15%
• Created over 26 days

We counted 7,829 reviews for this product over the span of 399 days, an average of 19.6 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 35 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 26 days exceeding this threshold:

• 61 Reviews on Jan 2, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
• 59 Reviews on Jan 11, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.1)
• 53 Reviews on Jan 4, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 51 Reviews on Jan 6, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
• 50 Reviews on Jan 5, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 50 Reviews on Jan 1, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
• 48 Reviews on Jan 8, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
• 48 Reviews on Jan 25, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.8)
• 45 Reviews on Jan 12, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 44 Reviews on Dec 27, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 44 Reviews on Dec 30, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 44 Reviews on Jan 9, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 43 Reviews on Jan 3, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 43 Reviews on Jan 7, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.8)
• 42 Reviews on Jan 15, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 41 Reviews on Oct 6, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 41 Reviews on Jan 17, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.9)
• 40 Reviews on Jan 23, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 39 Reviews on Jan 26, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 38 Reviews on Jan 24, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 38 Reviews on Jan 10, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 37 Reviews on Jan 18, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 37 Reviews on Dec 29, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 36 Reviews on Dec 28, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 36 Reviews on Jan 21, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 36 Reviews on Oct 21, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
Show All

In total, we found that 1,144 reviews were created on just 26 days. Although any days with a larger number of reviews than expected is suspicious, these reviews do not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 57%
• Unverified Purchases

4,425 of the 7,829 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. While this is a higher percentage of unverified purchases than we'd expect to see, it does not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

• 
• 15%
• Substantial overlapping review history

1,210 of the 7,829 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.3, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.3.

Brand Repeaters

• 
• 3%
• Reviewed other products from this brand

268 of the 7,829 reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 0%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

8 of the 7,829 total reviews for this product admitted to receiving a free or discounted product in exchange for a review. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.

• 0
• Reviews have been deleted

We have not discovered any deleted reviews for this product.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.