Crisis of Character: A White House Secret Service Officer Discloses His Firsthand Experience with...
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From Byrne, Gary J.
Refresh the report to view the most up-to-date data available:
Note: We only analyze "reviews" and ignore one-tap "ratings".
Top products in Americas with authentic reviews:
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Most Trusted Reviews
TRUST
- Verified Purchaser
- Critical Reviewer (avg. rating: 4.2)
Least Trusted Reviews
TRUST
- Unverified Purchaser
- Created on a high volume day
- Take-Back Reviewer (1 deleted Review; avg. rating: 1.0)
- Overlapping Review History: reviewed 4 of 9 top products
- Overrepresented Participation (posted 26 Reviews)
- Easy Grader (avg. rating: 4.7)
Analysis Details
530 of the 5,853 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. The unverified purchasers have rated this product an average of 3.2 while the verified purchasers have rated this product an average of 4.0. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.
Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.
Take-Back Reviewers
1,840 of the 5,853 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. The Take-Back Reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.1 while the reviewers who don't have any deleted reviews in their history have rated this product an average of 3.9. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.
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- 22%
- Have an overrepresented word count
In the graph above, we can see the distribution of review word counts for this product and the expected distribution for this category. We see the following 1 group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:In total, we found that 1,316 reviews (or 22%) are within an overrepresented word count group. These reviews have rated this product an average of 4.1, while all other reviews have rated this product an average of 3.9. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.
(3.6/5)
(4.1/5)
(3.5/5)
(4.1/5)
(4.8/5)
(4.9/5)
(4.1/5)
(4.9/5)
(4.1/5)
(3.4/5)
(4.9/5)
403 of the 5,853 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.3 while reviews without substantial repetitive phrases rated this product an average of 3.9. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.
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770 of the 5,853 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.2 while the reviewers who have a more unique product review history rated this product an average of 3.9. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.
We discovered a total of 146 deleted Reviews for this product, with an average rating of 4.3. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.
There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:
- We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
- We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
- We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.
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- 75%
- Created over 107 days
We counted 5,853 reviews for this product over the span of 1,433 days, an average of 4.1 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 12 or fewer reviews on any given day.
However, we see the following 107 days exceeding this threshold:In total, we found that 4,408 reviews were created on just 107 days. This is an excessively high number of reviews submitted on these high volume days.
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- 72%
- From reviewers with an overrepresented participation
We see the following 3 participation groups with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:In total, we found that 4233 reviewers (or 72%) are within an overrepresented participation group. This is an excessively high number of reviewers in overrepresented participation groups.
4.2 Product's Average Ease Score
4.3 Category's Average Ease Score
Read more about our Reviewer Ease test.
Brand Repeaters
9 of the 5,853 reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.
1 of the 5,853 total reviews for this product admitted to receiving a free or discounted product in exchange for a review. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.
Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.