Never-Verified Reviewers

• 
• 32%
• have zero verified purchases

45 of the 142 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. While this is more Never-Verified Reviewers than we'd expect to see, it does not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Take-Back Reviewers

• 
• 11%
• have previously deleted reviews

16 of the 142 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. This is an excessively large percentage of Take-Back Reviewers which may indicate unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 
• 19%
• Created over 8 days

We counted 142 reviews for this product over the span of 2,963 days, an average of 0.0 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 2 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 8 days exceeding this threshold:

• 4 Reviews on Feb 16, 2009 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 4 Reviews on Mar 4, 2009 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 4 Reviews on Mar 7, 2009 (Avg. rating: 3.8)
• 3 Reviews on Feb 5, 2009 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 3 Reviews on Mar 8, 2009 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 3 Reviews on Feb 11, 2009 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 3 Reviews on Feb 18, 2009 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 3 Reviews on Mar 2, 2009 (Avg. rating: 3.0)
Show All

In total, we found that 27 reviews were created on just 8 days. This is an excessively high number of reviews submitted on these high volume days.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 77%
• Unverified Purchases

109 of the 142 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. While this is a higher percentage of unverified purchases than we'd expect to see, it does not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

• 
• 70%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

99 of the 142 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. This is an excessively large percentage which may indicate unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 56%
• Substantial overlapping review history

80 of the 142 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. While this is more than we'd expect to see, it does not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

• 
• 86%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 2 participation groups with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 17.6% (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• Reviewers with 6-15 Reviews: 68.3% (Avg. rating: 4.3)

In total, we found that 122 reviewers (or 86%) are within an overrepresented participation group. This is an excessively high number of reviewers in overrepresented participation groups.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 
• 0%
• Have an overrepresented word count

We didn't find any review word count groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.4, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.4.

Brand Repeaters

• 
• 7%
• Reviewed other products from this brand

10 of the 142 reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 0%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

We didn't detect any reviews that used language indicating they were incentivized.
Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.

• 0
• Reviews have been deleted

We have not discovered any deleted reviews for this product.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.