One-Hit Wonders

• 
• 35%
• have only posted one review

1,055 of the 3,040 reviewers have only reviewed this product. This is an excessively large percentage of One-Hit Wonders which may indicate unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 
• 73%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 1 participation group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 73.3% (Avg. rating: 4.5)

In total, we found that 2229 reviewers (or 73%) are within an overrepresented participation group. These reviews have rated this product an average of 4.5, while all other reviews have rated this product an average of 4.3. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 106
• Reviews have been deleted

We discovered a total of 106 deleted Reviews for this product, with an average rating of 4.8. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.

Show distribution of deleted reviews

• 
• 10%
• Created over 19 days

We counted 3,040 reviews for this product over the span of 739 days, an average of 4.1 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 12 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 19 days exceeding this threshold:

• 20 Reviews on Apr 21, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 18 Reviews on Oct 12, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 18 Reviews on Feb 3, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 17 Reviews on Mar 21, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 16 Reviews on Apr 7, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 16 Reviews on Apr 30, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 16 Reviews on May 5, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 16 Reviews on May 12, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 15 Reviews on Mar 10, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.9)
• 15 Reviews on Sep 23, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 14 Reviews on Jan 4, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 14 Reviews on May 11, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 14 Reviews on Mar 17, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 14 Reviews on Apr 14, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
• 14 Reviews on Apr 13, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.1)
• 13 Reviews on May 6, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 13 Reviews on Mar 31, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 13 Reviews on Apr 29, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 13 Reviews on Feb 23, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
Show All

In total, we found that 289 reviews were created on just 19 days. Although any days with a larger number of reviews than expected is suspicious, the discrepancy in ratings from reviews created on these high volume days and reviews created on other days isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.4, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.2. While this discrepancy is rather large, it is not quite large enough to rule out the possibility of it being due random chance.

• 
• 99%
• Have an overrepresented word count

In the graph above, we can see the distribution of review word counts for this product and the expected distribution for this category. We see the following 1 group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• 0-5 words: 99.3% (Avg. rating: 4.4)

In total, we found that 3,019 reviews (or 99%) are within an overrepresented word count group. This is an excessively high number of reviews in overrepresented word count groups.

Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 3%
• Unverified Purchases

96 of the 3,040 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

• 
• 1%
• Substantial overlapping review history

33 of the 3,040 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

Brand Repeaters

• 
• 2%
• Reviewed other products from this brand

53 of the 3,040 reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

We have not yet completed optimization for this test for Hanzi or Kanji.

We have not yet completed optimization for this test for Hanzi or Kanji.