• 
• 9%
• Unverified Purchases

100 of the 1,114 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. The unverified purchasers have rated this product an average of 4.5 while the verified purchasers have rated this product an average of 4.0. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

One-Hit Wonders

• 
• 16%
• have only posted one review

174 of the 1,114 reviewers have only reviewed this product. While this is more One-Hit Wonders than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between the One-Hit Wonders and reviewers who have posted more than one review isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Never-Verified Reviewers

• 
• 3%
• have zero verified purchases

34 of the 1,114 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. The Never-Verified Reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.8 while the reviewers who have written at least one verified purchase review rated this product an average of 4.0. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 21
• Reviews have been deleted

We discovered a total of 21 deleted Reviews for this product, with an average rating of 5. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.

Show distribution of deleted reviews

• 
• 10%
• Created over 12 days

We counted 1,114 reviews for this product over the span of 860 days, an average of 1.3 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 6 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 12 days exceeding this threshold:

• 18 Reviews on Apr 28, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.1)
• 13 Reviews on Apr 16, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
• 12 Reviews on Jun 2, 2020 (Avg. rating: 2.9)
• 9 Reviews on Jun 16, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 9 Reviews on May 12, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.1)
• 9 Reviews on Jun 15, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.4)
• 8 Reviews on Jul 22, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.9)
• 8 Reviews on May 5, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.3)
• 7 Reviews on Nov 25, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.9)
• 7 Reviews on Jun 9, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 7 Reviews on Jul 28, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.1)
• 7 Reviews on Jun 26, 2020 (Avg. rating: 2.6)
Show All

In total, we found that 114 reviews were created on just 12 days. Although any days with a larger number of reviews than expected is suspicious, these reviews do not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 80%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 2 participation groups with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 48.3% (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• Reviewers with 6-15 Reviews: 31.3% (Avg. rating: 3.9)

In total, we found that 887 reviewers (or 80%) are within an overrepresented participation group. This is an excessively high number of reviewers in overrepresented participation groups.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 
• 0%
• Have an overrepresented word count

We didn't find any review word count groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 5%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

53 of the 1,114 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 1%
• Substantial overlapping review history

13 of the 1,114 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.1, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.2.

Brand Repeaters

• 
• 1%
• Reviewed other products from this brand

16 of the 1,114 reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 0%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

1 of the 1,114 total reviews for this product admitted to receiving a free or discounted product in exchange for a review. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.