• 
• 6%
• Substantial overlapping review history

46 of the 813 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.7 while the reviewers who have a more unique product review history rated this product an average of 4.4. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

• 
• 14%
• Created over 17 days

We counted 813 reviews for this product over the span of 1,064 days, an average of 0.8 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 5 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 17 days exceeding this threshold:

• 8 Reviews on Aug 20, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 8 Reviews on Oct 2, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 7 Reviews on Jul 21, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 7 Reviews on Sep 16, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 7 Reviews on Sep 14, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 7 Reviews on Sep 5, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.9)
• 7 Reviews on Oct 8, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.4)
• 6 Reviews on Jul 29, 2020 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 6 Reviews on Aug 17, 2020 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 6 Reviews on Sep 10, 2020 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 6 Reviews on Jul 5, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 6 Reviews on Oct 3, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 6 Reviews on Sep 29, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 6 Reviews on Aug 12, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
• 6 Reviews on Aug 4, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.8)
• 6 Reviews on Sep 18, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.7)
• 6 Reviews on Aug 18, 2020 (Avg. rating: 3.5)
Show All

In total, we found that 111 reviews were created on just 17 days. Although any days with a larger number of reviews than expected is suspicious, these reviews do not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 30%
• Have an overrepresented word count

In the graph above, we can see the distribution of review word counts for this product and the expected distribution for this category. We see the following 1 group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• 6-15 words: 30.0% (Avg. rating: 4.5)

In total, we found that 244 reviews (or 30%) are within an overrepresented word count group. While this is more reviews from overrepresented word count groups than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between reviews with overrepresented word groups and all other reviews isn’t significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 79%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 3 participation groups with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 26.7% (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• Reviewers with 6-15 Reviews: 34.7% (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• Reviewers with 16-30 Reviews: 17.2% (Avg. rating: 4.5)

In total, we found that 639 reviewers (or 79%) are within an overrepresented participation group. This is an excessively high number of reviewers in overrepresented participation groups.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 
• 0%
• Unverified Purchases

4 of the 813 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

• 
• 4%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

36 of the 813 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

One-Hit Wonders

• 
• 6%
• have only posted one review

51 of the 813 reviewers have only reviewed this product. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Never-Verified Reviewers

We didn't detect a substantial amount of Never-Verified Reviewers.

Take-Back Reviewers

• 
• 24%
• have previously deleted reviews

193 of the 813 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Single-Day Reviewers

• 
• 3%
• have posted all their reviews on a single day

22 of the 813 reviewers have written multiple reviews but posted all of them on a single day. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.4, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.3. While this discrepancy is rather large, it is not quite large enough to rule out the possibility of it being due random chance.

Brand Repeaters

• 
• 3%
• Reviewed other products from this brand

21 of the 813 reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 0%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

2 of the 813 total reviews for this product admitted to receiving a free or discounted product in exchange for a review. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.

• 0
• Reviews have been deleted

We have not discovered any deleted reviews for this product.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.