• 171
• Reviews have been deleted

We discovered a total of 171 deleted Reviews for this product, with an average rating of 5. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.

Show distribution of deleted reviews

• 
• 100%
• Unverified Purchases

1,188 of the 1,189 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. The unverified purchasers have rated this product an average of 5.0 while the verified purchasers have rated this product an average of 1.0. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

Never-Verified Reviewers

• 
• 78%
• have zero verified purchases

926 of the 1,189 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. This is an excessively large percentage of Never-Verified Reviewers which may indicate unnatural reviews.

Take-Back Reviewers

• 
• 1%
• have previously deleted reviews

7 of the 1,189 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. While this is more Take-Back Reviewers than we'd expect to see, it does not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Single-Day Reviewers

• 
• 19%
• have posted all their reviews on a single day

230 of the 1,189 reviewers have written multiple reviews but posted all of them on a single day. While this is more Single-Day Reviewers than we'd expect to see, it does not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.9, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.2. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

• 
• 100%
• Substantial overlapping review history

1,185 of the 1,189 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 5.0 while the reviewers who have a more unique product review history rated this product an average of 4.0. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

• 
• 42%
• Created over 2 days

We counted 1,189 reviews for this product over the span of 12 days, an average of 99.1 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 131 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 2 days exceeding this threshold:

• 290 Reviews on Dec 28, 2018 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 207 Reviews on Dec 31, 2018 (Avg. rating: 5.0)

In total, we found that 497 reviews were created on just 2 days. This is an excessively high number of reviews submitted on these high volume days.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 93%
• Have an overrepresented word count

In the graph above, we can see the distribution of review word counts for this product and the expected distribution for this category. We see the following 2 groups with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• 0-5 words: 49.5% (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 6-15 words: 43.8% (Avg. rating: 5.0)

In total, we found that 1,110 reviews (or 93%) are within an overrepresented word count group. This is an excessively high number of reviews in overrepresented word count groups.

Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 57%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

674 of the 1,189 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. This is an excessively large percentage which may indicate unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 0%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We didn't find any participation groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

Brand Repeaters

We didn't detect a substantial amount of Brand Repeaters.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 0%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

We didn't detect any reviews that used language indicating they were incentivized.
Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.