• 806
• Reviews have been deleted

We discovered a total of 806 deleted Reviews for this product, with an average rating of 4.6. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.

Show distribution of deleted reviews

• 
• 31%
• Unverified Purchases

21 of the 67 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. The unverified purchasers have rated this product an average of 5.0 while the verified purchasers have rated this product an average of 4.4. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

Brand Loyalists

• 
• 3%
• Reviewed mostly products from this brand

2 of the 67 reviewers have reviewed multiple products but half or more of their reviews are for this brand. While this is more Brand Loyalists than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between the Brand Loyalists and non-loyalists isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

One-Hit Wonders

• 
• 21%
• have only posted one review

14 of the 67 reviewers have only reviewed this product. While this is more One-Hit Wonders than we'd expect to see, it does not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.5, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.3. While this discrepancy is rather large, it is not quite large enough to rule out the possibility of it being due random chance.

• 
• 18%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

12 of the 67 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. While this is more than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between the these reviews and reviews without substantial repetitive phrases isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 48%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 1 participation group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 47.8% (Avg. rating: 4.6)

In total, we found that 32 reviewers (or 48%) are within an overrepresented participation group. While this is more reviews from overrepresented participation groups than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between reviewers in an overrepresented participation groups and all other reviewers isn’t significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 
• 0%
• Created over 23 days

We counted 67 reviews for this product over the span of 1,448 days, an average of 0.0 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 2 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 23 days exceeding this threshold:

• 7 Reviews on Dec 11, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.9)
• 7 Reviews on Jan 2, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 7 Reviews on Jul 13, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 7 Reviews on Dec 30, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 6 Reviews on Mar 28, 2016 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 6 Reviews on Apr 29, 2020 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 6 Reviews on Jan 18, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 6 Reviews on Sep 21, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 6 Reviews on Jun 23, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 5 Reviews on Jun 12, 2016 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 5 Reviews on Aug 10, 2016 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 5 Reviews on Dec 29, 2019 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 5 Reviews on Jan 14, 2020 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 5 Reviews on May 23, 2020 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 5 Reviews on Oct 29, 2020 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 5 Reviews on Mar 11, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 5 Reviews on May 8, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 5 Reviews on Jun 5, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 5 Reviews on Jun 4, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 5 Reviews on Jul 27, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 5 Reviews on May 28, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
• 5 Reviews on Jun 30, 2019 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
• 5 Reviews on Jan 4, 2020 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
Show All

In total, we found that 0 reviews were created on just 23 days. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.
Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 0%
• Have an overrepresented word count

We didn't find any review word count groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 7%
• Substantial overlapping review history

5 of the 67 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 0%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

We didn't detect any reviews that used language indicating they were incentivized.
Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.