• 771
• Reviews have been deleted

We discovered a total of 771 deleted reviews for this product, with an average rating of 4.7. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about the Deleted Reviews test here.

Show distribution of deleted reviews

• 
• 24%
• Unverified Purchases

813 of the 3,335 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. The unverified purchasers have rated this product an average of 4.6 while the verified purchasers have rated this product an average of 4.4. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

One-Hit Wonders

• 
• 12%
• have only posted one review

406 of the 3,335 reviewers have only reviewed this product. While this is more One-Hit Wonders than we'd expect to see, it does not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Never-Verified Reviewers

• 
• 6%
• have zero verified purchases

199 of the 3,335 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. The Never-Verified Reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.7 while the reviewers who have written at least one verified purchase review rated this product an average of 4.4. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Take-Back Reviewers

• 
• 42%
• have previously deleted reviews

1,393 of the 3,335 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. This is an excessively large percentage of Take-Back Reviewers which may indicate unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.4, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.3. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

• 
• 3%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

108 of the 3,335 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.8 while reviews without substantial repetitive phrases rated this product an average of 4.4. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 9%
• Substantial overlapping review history

287 of the 3,335 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.7 while the reviewers who have a more unique product review history rated this product an average of 4.4. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

• 
• 6%
• Created over 21 days

We counted 3,335 reviews for this product over the span of 1,988 days, an average of 1.7 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 7 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 21 days exceeding this threshold:

• 13 reviews on Apr 21, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 13 reviews on May 27, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 12 reviews on Apr 22, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 11 reviews on Apr 13, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 10 reviews on Jan 3, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 10 reviews on May 14, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 10 reviews on May 26, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 10 reviews on Mar 9, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 9 reviews on Aug 7, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 9 reviews on May 21, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 9 reviews on Jun 19, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.1)
• 9 reviews on Apr 2, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 8 reviews on Mar 5, 2015 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 8 reviews on Apr 16, 2015 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 8 reviews on Oct 11, 2017 (Avg. rating: 4.9)
• 8 reviews on Sep 24, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 8 reviews on Sep 7, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 8 reviews on Jun 4, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 8 reviews on Jun 14, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 8 reviews on Feb 13, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 8 reviews on Apr 23, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
Show All

In total, we found that 197 reviews were created on just 21 days. Although any days with a larger number of reviews than expected is suspicious, the discrepancy in ratings from reviews created on these high volume days and reviews created on other days isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 0%
• Have an overrepresented word count

We didn't find any review word count groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 30%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 1 participation group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 reviews: 29.5% (Avg. rating: 4.4)

In total, we found that 985 reviewers (or 30%) are within an overrepresented participation group. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

Brand Repeaters

• 
• 1%
• Reviewed other products from this brand

39 of the 3,335 reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 1%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

25 of the 3,335 total reviews for this product admitted to receiving a free or discounted product in exchange for a review. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test, or check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.