• 
• 92%
• Unverified Purchases

147 of the 160 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. The unverified purchasers have rated this product an average of 2.1 while the verified purchasers have rated this product an average of 3.7. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

One-Hit Wonders

• 
• 24%
• have only posted one review

38 of the 160 reviewers have only reviewed this product. The One-Hit Wonders have rated this product an average of 2.7 while the reviewers who have posted more than one review have rated this product an average of 2.0. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Never-Verified Reviewers

• 
• 56%
• have zero verified purchases

90 of the 160 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. The Never-Verified Reviewers have rated this product an average of 2.4 while the reviewers who have written at least one verified purchase review rated this product an average of 1.9. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Take-Back Reviewers

• 
• 13%
• have previously deleted reviews

21 of the 160 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. This is an excessively large percentage of Take-Back Reviewers which may indicate unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 
• 29%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

47 of the 160 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 1.6 while reviews without substantial repetitive phrases rated this product an average of 2.5. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 61%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 1 participation group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 61.3% (Avg. rating: 2.6)

In total, we found that 98 reviewers (or 61%) are within an overrepresented participation group. These reviews have rated this product an average of 2.6, while all other reviews have rated this product an average of 1.6. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 5
• Reviews have been deleted

We discovered a total of 5 deleted Reviews for this product, with an average rating of 2. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.

Show distribution of deleted reviews

• 
• 60%
• Created over 17 days

We counted 160 reviews for this product over the span of 2,347 days, an average of 0.1 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 2 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 17 days exceeding this threshold:

• 10 Reviews on Apr 15, 2010 (Avg. rating: 3.4)
• 10 Reviews on Apr 30, 2010 (Avg. rating: 1.0)
• 8 Reviews on Apr 16, 2010 (Avg. rating: 1.0)
• 7 Reviews on Apr 19, 2010 (Avg. rating: 2.3)
• 7 Reviews on May 3, 2010 (Avg. rating: 1.6)
• 6 Reviews on Apr 20, 2010 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 6 Reviews on Apr 21, 2010 (Avg. rating: 2.3)
• 6 Reviews on May 2, 2010 (Avg. rating: 2.2)
• 6 Reviews on Apr 23, 2010 (Avg. rating: 1.0)
• 5 Reviews on Apr 18, 2010 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
• 5 Reviews on Apr 24, 2010 (Avg. rating: 1.0)
• 4 Reviews on Apr 22, 2010 (Avg. rating: 1.3)
• 4 Reviews on May 1, 2010 (Avg. rating: 1.3)
• 3 Reviews on Apr 17, 2010 (Avg. rating: 2.3)
• 3 Reviews on May 8, 2010 (Avg. rating: 2.3)
• 3 Reviews on Jun 4, 2010 (Avg. rating: 2.3)
• 3 Reviews on Apr 28, 2010 (Avg. rating: 1.0)
Show All

In total, we found that 96 reviews were created on just 17 days. This is an excessively high number of reviews submitted on these high volume days.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 45%
• Have an overrepresented word count

In the graph above, we can see the distribution of review word counts for this product and the expected distribution for this category. We see the following 2 groups with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• 66-100 words: 18.1% (Avg. rating: 2.6)
• 101-200 words: 26.9% (Avg. rating: 2.3)

In total, we found that 72 reviews (or 45%) are within an overrepresented word count group. While this is more reviews from overrepresented word count groups than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between reviews with overrepresented word groups and all other reviews isn’t significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 8%
• Substantial overlapping review history

12 of the 160 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 3.4, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.3.

Brand Repeaters

We didn't detect a substantial amount of Brand Repeaters.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 0%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

We didn't detect any reviews that used language indicating they were incentivized.
Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.