• 477
• Reviews have been deleted

We discovered a total of 477 deleted Reviews for this product, with an average rating of 4. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.

Show distribution of deleted reviews

• 
• 34%
• Unverified Purchases

926 of the 2,701 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. The unverified purchasers have rated this product an average of 3.8 while the verified purchasers have rated this product an average of 4.5. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

Never-Verified Reviewers

• 
• 11%
• have zero verified purchases

307 of the 2,701 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. The Never-Verified Reviewers have rated this product an average of 3.7 while the reviewers who have written at least one verified purchase review rated this product an average of 4.4. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Take-Back Reviewers

• 
• 38%
• have previously deleted reviews

1,030 of the 2,701 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. The Take-Back Reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.4 while the reviewers who don't have any deleted reviews in their history have rated this product an average of 4.2. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Single-Day Reviewers

• 
• 2%
• have posted all their reviews on a single day

66 of the 2,701 reviewers have written multiple reviews but posted all of them on a single day. The Single-Day reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.7 while all other reviewers rated this product an average of 4.3. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 
• 19%
• Substantial overlapping review history

525 of the 2,701 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.4 while the reviewers who have a more unique product review history rated this product an average of 4.3. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

• 
• 9%
• Created over 37 days

We counted 2,701 reviews for this product over the span of 6,511 days, an average of 0.4 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 4 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 37 days exceeding this threshold:

• 18 Reviews on Nov 24, 2004 (Avg. rating: 3.2)
• 11 Reviews on Aug 12, 2004 (Avg. rating: 4.1)
• 11 Reviews on Nov 27, 2004 (Avg. rating: 3.4)
• 9 Reviews on Nov 28, 2004 (Avg. rating: 3.6)
• 8 Reviews on Nov 23, 2004 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 8 Reviews on Nov 25, 2004 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 8 Reviews on Nov 26, 2004 (Avg. rating: 3.9)
• 8 Reviews on Sep 3, 2004 (Avg. rating: 3.9)
• 8 Reviews on Dec 5, 2004 (Avg. rating: 3.3)
• 7 Reviews on Nov 30, 2004 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 7 Reviews on Nov 22, 2004 (Avg. rating: 3.9)
• 7 Reviews on Sep 9, 2004 (Avg. rating: 3.6)
• 7 Reviews on Dec 10, 2004 (Avg. rating: 3.3)
• 7 Reviews on Aug 16, 2004 (Avg. rating: 3.1)
• 6 Reviews on Nov 1, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 6 Reviews on Aug 10, 2004 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 6 Reviews on Aug 19, 2004 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 6 Reviews on Aug 25, 2004 (Avg. rating: 3.8)
• 5 Reviews on Aug 10, 2016 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 5 Reviews on Mar 29, 2016 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 5 Reviews on Jul 22, 2015 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 5 Reviews on Oct 28, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 5 Reviews on Oct 7, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 5 Reviews on Feb 4, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 5 Reviews on Dec 2, 2004 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 5 Reviews on Jan 4, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 5 Reviews on Aug 22, 2004 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 5 Reviews on Jun 6, 2004 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 5 Reviews on Nov 29, 2004 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
• 5 Reviews on Oct 24, 2004 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
• 5 Reviews on Dec 16, 2004 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
• 5 Reviews on Sep 10, 2004 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 5 Reviews on Aug 29, 2004 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 5 Reviews on Feb 20, 2015 (Avg. rating: 3.4)
• 5 Reviews on Sep 25, 2004 (Avg. rating: 3.2)
• 5 Reviews on Aug 23, 2004 (Avg. rating: 3.2)
• 5 Reviews on Oct 19, 2010 (Avg. rating: 2.0)
Show All

In total, we found that 243 reviews were created on just 37 days. Although any days with a larger number of reviews than expected is suspicious, these reviews do not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

Brand Repeaters

• 
• 37%
• Reviewed other products from this brand

990 of the 2,701 reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. While this is more Brand Repeaters than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between the Brand Repeaters and non-repeaters isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Brand Loyalists

• 
• 2%
• Reviewed mostly products from this brand

56 of the 2,701 reviewers have reviewed multiple products but half or more of their reviews are for this brand. While this is more Brand Loyalists than we'd expect to see, it does not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

• 
• 0%
• Have an overrepresented word count

We didn't find any review word count groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 13%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

353 of the 2,701 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 19%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 1 participation group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 18.7% (Avg. rating: 3.9)

In total, we found that 504 reviewers (or 20%) are within an overrepresented participation group. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.3, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.3.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 0%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

We didn't detect any reviews that used language indicating they were incentivized.
Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.