Stealing Elections: How Voter Fraud Threatens Our Democracy
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From Brand: Encounter Books
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Most Trusted Reviews
TRUST
- Verified Purchaser
- Easy Grader (avg. rating: 4.5)
Least Trusted Reviews
TRUST
- Unverified Purchaser
- Never-Verified Reviewer
- Take-Back Reviewer (956 deleted Reviews; avg. rating: 5.0)
- Brand Repeater (6 of 5189 reviews for this brand; avg rating: 5.0)
- Overlapping Review History: reviewed 9 of 9 top products
- Easy Grader (avg. rating: 5.0)
Analysis Details
Never-Verified Reviewers
10 of the 23 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. The Never-Verified Reviewers have rated this product an average of 2.7 while the reviewers who have written at least one verified purchase review rated this product an average of 4.2. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.
Take-Back Reviewers
3 of the 23 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. This is an excessively large percentage of Take-Back Reviewers which may indicate unnatural reviews.
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from the same brand
6 of the 23 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.5 while the reviewers who have a more unique product review history rated this product an average of 3.2. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.
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- 9%
- Created over 1 day
We counted 23 reviews for this product over the span of 2,914 days, an average of 0.0 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 1 or fewer reviews on any given day.
However, we see the following 1 day exceeding this threshold:In total, we found that 2 reviews were created on just 1 day. Although any days with a larger number of reviews than expected is suspicious, these reviews do not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.
19 of the 23 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. This is an excessively large percentage of unverified purchases and it may indicate unnatural reviews.
Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.
12 of the 23 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. This is an excessively large percentage which may indicate unnatural reviews.
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- 0%
- Have an overrepresented word count
Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.
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- 0%
- From reviewers with an overrepresented participation
Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.
4.0 Product's Average Ease Score
4.3 Category's Average Ease Score
Read more about our Reviewer Ease test.
Brand Repeaters
3 of the 23 reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.
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- 0%
- Admitted to receiving an incentive
Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.
- 0
- Reviews have been deleted
There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:
- We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
- We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
- We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.