Never-Verified Reviewers

• 
• 3%
• have zero verified purchases

8 of the 273 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. The Never-Verified Reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.9 while the reviewers who have written at least one verified purchase review rated this product an average of 4.3. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Take-Back Reviewers

• 
• 15%
• have previously deleted reviews

42 of the 273 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. This is an excessively large percentage of Take-Back Reviewers which may indicate unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 
• 63%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 2 participation groups with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 1-5 Reviews: 28.2% (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• Reviewers with 6-15 Reviews: 34.8% (Avg. rating: 4.3)

In total, we found that 172 reviewers (or 63%) are within an overrepresented participation group. These reviews have rated this product an average of 4.4, while all other reviews have rated this product an average of 4.1. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 11
• Reviews have been deleted

We discovered a total of 11 deleted Reviews for this product, with an average rating of 4.2. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.

Show distribution of deleted reviews

• 
• 26%
• Created over 13 days

We counted 273 reviews for this product over the span of 1,270 days, an average of 0.2 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 3 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 13 days exceeding this threshold:

• 11 Reviews on Jan 18, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 8 Reviews on Jan 14, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.6)
• 7 Reviews on Feb 20, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 6 Reviews on Feb 5, 2014 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 5 Reviews on Feb 8, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 5 Reviews on Feb 11, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 5 Reviews on Jan 16, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.8)
• 4 Reviews on Jan 28, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 4 Reviews on Jan 31, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 4 Reviews on Feb 4, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 4 Reviews on Mar 13, 2014 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 4 Reviews on Feb 6, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.5)
• 4 Reviews on Feb 10, 2014 (Avg. rating: 3.3)
Show All

In total, we found that 71 reviews were created on just 13 days. This is an excessively high number of reviews submitted on these high volume days.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 19%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

53 of the 273 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. While this is more than we'd expect to see, it does not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 16%
• Unverified Purchases

43 of the 273 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

• 
• 0%
• Have an overrepresented word count

We didn't find any review word count groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 33%
• Substantial overlapping review history

89 of the 273 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.2, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.3.

Brand Repeaters

• 
• 4%
• Reviewed other products from this brand

11 of the 273 reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 1%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

3 of the 273 total reviews for this product admitted to receiving a free or discounted product in exchange for a review. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.