Never-Verified Reviewers

• 
• 4%
• have zero verified purchases

108 of the 2,717 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. The Never-Verified Reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.9 while the reviewers who have written at least one verified purchase review rated this product an average of 4.7. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 131
• Reviews have been deleted

We discovered a total of 131 deleted Reviews for this product, with an average rating of 4.8. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.

Show distribution of deleted reviews

• 
• 8%
• Created over 27 days

We counted 2,717 reviews for this product over the span of 3,489 days, an average of 0.8 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 5 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 27 days exceeding this threshold:

• 20 Reviews on Oct 20, 2017 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 15 Reviews on Aug 18, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 11 Reviews on May 31, 2017 (Avg. rating: 4.9)
• 9 Reviews on Sep 14, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.9)
• 9 Reviews on Oct 6, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 8 Reviews on May 30, 2016 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 8 Reviews on Jul 1, 2016 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 8 Reviews on May 18, 2017 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 8 Reviews on May 31, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.9)
• 7 Reviews on Apr 7, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.9)
• 7 Reviews on Aug 23, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.9)
• 7 Reviews on Aug 13, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 7 Reviews on Jul 26, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.4)
• 6 Reviews on Jul 25, 2015 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 6 Reviews on May 24, 2016 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 6 Reviews on Jun 26, 2016 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 6 Reviews on Aug 24, 2016 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 6 Reviews on Mar 13, 2017 (Avg. rating: 5.0)
• 6 Reviews on Dec 5, 2015 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 6 Reviews on Jul 7, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.8)
• 6 Reviews on Aug 12, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 6 Reviews on Sep 17, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 6 Reviews on Jul 19, 2017 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 6 Reviews on Jul 26, 2017 (Avg. rating: 4.5)
• 6 Reviews on Jul 12, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
• 6 Reviews on Jul 17, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
• 6 Reviews on Aug 8, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.2)
Show All

In total, we found that 208 reviews were created on just 27 days. Although any days with a larger number of reviews than expected is suspicious, the discrepancy in ratings from reviews created on these high volume days and reviews created on other days isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.5, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.4. While this discrepancy is rather large, it is not quite large enough to rule out the possibility of it being due random chance.

• 
• 10%
• Unverified Purchases

282 of the 2,717 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

• 
• 0%
• Have an overrepresented word count

We didn't find any review word count groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 0%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

0 of the 2,717 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.
Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 5%
• Substantial overlapping review history

135 of the 2,717 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

• 
• 0%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We didn't find any participation groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

Brand Repeaters

• 
• 1%
• Reviewed other products from this brand

25 of the 2,717 reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 1%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

26 of the 2,717 total reviews for this product admitted to receiving a free or discounted product in exchange for a review. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.