One-Hit Wonders

• 
• <10%
• have only posted one review

Less than approximately 10% of reviewers have only reviewed this product. The One-Hit Wonders have rated this product an average of 2.5 while the reviewers who have posted more than one review have rated this product an average of 4.2. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Take-Back Reviewers

• 
• ~30%
• have previously deleted reviews

Approximately 30% of reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. While this is more Take-Back Reviewers than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between the Take-Back Reviewers and reviewers who don't have any deleted reviews in their history isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

Brand Repeaters

• 
• ~40%
• Reviewed other products from this brand

Approximately 40% of reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. While this is more Brand Repeaters than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between the Brand Repeaters and non-repeaters isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

• 
• >90%
• Have an overrepresented word count

In the graph above, we can see the distribution of review word counts for this product and the expected distribution for this category. We see the following 1 group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• 0-5 words: >90% (Avg. rating: 4.1)

In total, we found that over approximately 90% are within an overrepresented word count group. This is an excessively high number of reviews in overrepresented word count groups.

Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• <10%
• Created on high-volume days

We didn't notice any signals that would indicate reviews were created unevenly over time.
Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 5%
• Unverified Purchases

57 of the 1,216 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

• 
• ~35%
• Substantial overlapping review history

Approximately 35% of reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.1, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.2.

• 0
• Reviews have been deleted

We have not discovered any deleted reviews for this product.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.

We have not yet completed optimization for this test for Hanzi or Kanji.

We haven't collected sufficient data to run this test yet. more info

We have not yet completed optimization for this test for Hanzi or Kanji.