• 
• 55%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

126 of the 228 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 4.2 while reviews without substantial repetitive phrases rated this product an average of 3.7. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 10%
• Created over 5 days

We counted 228 reviews for this product over the span of 1,788 days, an average of 0.1 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 2 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 5 days exceeding this threshold:

• 8 Reviews on Nov 10, 2016 (Avg. rating: 3.8)
• 5 Reviews on Nov 22, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.0)
• 4 Reviews on Nov 11, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 3 Reviews on Nov 13, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.7)
• 3 Reviews on Nov 14, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.0)

In total, we found that 23 reviews were created on just 5 days. Although any days with a larger number of reviews than expected is suspicious, the discrepancy in ratings from reviews created on these high volume days and reviews created on other days isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Rating Trend test.

• 
• 29%
• Unverified Purchases

65 of the 228 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

• 
• 0%
• Have an overrepresented word count

We didn't find any review word count groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

One-Hit Wonders

• 
• 4%
• have only posted one review

9 of the 228 reviewers have only reviewed this product. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Never-Verified Reviewers

• 
• 8%
• have zero verified purchases

18 of the 228 reviewers have never written a verified purchase review. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Take-Back Reviewers

• 
• 5%
• have previously deleted reviews

12 of the 228 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Single-Day Reviewers

We didn't detect a substantial amount of Single-Day Reviewers.

• 
• 23%
• Substantial overlapping review history

52 of the 228 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

• 
• 0%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We didn't find any participation groups that had a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see in this category.
Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.2, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 4.3.

Brand Repeaters

We didn't detect a substantial amount of Brand Repeaters.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 0%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

We didn't detect any reviews that used language indicating they were incentivized.
Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.

• 0
• Reviews have been deleted

We have not discovered any deleted reviews for this product.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.