• 144
• Reviews have been deleted

We discovered a total of 144 deleted Reviews for this product, with an average rating of 4.5. Even though deleted reviews don't affect the average rating, the fact that action was taken to delete reviews raises some red flags about the integrity of the reviews for the product as whole.

There are a few limitations to keep in mind regarding the Deleted Reviews test:

1. We don't have a magic ability to collect every single deleted review; we can only identify reviews as deleted if we collect them on one date and then notice they are no longer visible on a subsequent date.
2. We have no information on reviews that were never published in the first place.
3. We also don't know why these reviews were removed. It could be action from the platform, personal decision by the review author, part of an entire account closure, even some data error on our part, etc.

Read more about our Deleted Reviews test.

Show distribution of deleted reviews

Take-Back Reviewers

• 
• 83%
• have previously deleted reviews

33 of the 40 reviewers have had at least one of their past reviews for another product deleted. This is an excessively large percentage of Take-Back Reviewers which may indicate unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Suspicious Reviewers test.

• 
• 73%
• Have an overrepresented word count

In the graph above, we can see the distribution of review word counts for this product and the expected distribution for this category. We see the following 2 groups with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• 0-5 words: 40.0% (Avg. rating: 0.3)
• 101-200 words: 32.5% (Avg. rating: 3.5)

In total, we found that 29 reviews (or 73%) are within an overrepresented word count group. These reviews have rated this product an average of 1.7, while all other reviews have rated this product an average of 3.9. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Word Count Comparison test.

• 
• 48%
• Used substantial repetitive phrases

19 of the 40 total reviews for this product use substantial repetitive phrases between them. These reviewers have rated this product an average of 3.5 while reviews without substantial repetitive phrases rated this product an average of 1.3. Based on our statistical modeling, the discrepancy in average rating between these two groups is significant enough to believe that the difference is not due to random chance, and may indicate that there are unnatural reviews.

Read more about our Phrase Repetition test.

• 
• 100%
• Unverified Purchases

40 of the 40 total reviews for this product are unverified purchases. This is an excessively large percentage of unverified purchases and it may indicate unnatural reviews.

Unverified purchases may be the result of Kindle Unlimited readers, buyers who didn't pay full price, or reviewers who did not purchase the product at Amazon. Read more about our Unverified Purchases test.

On Oct 3, 2016, Amazon prohibited incentivized reviews, however we still test for them since there are still millions in our dataset.

• 
• 5%
• Admitted to receiving an incentive

2 of the 40 total reviews for this product admitted to receiving a free or discounted product in exchange for a review. This is more than we would expect see; the presences of at least one incentivized review indicates that there may be more, since not all reviewers will disclose that they had received an incentive to post a review.

Read more about our Incentivized Reviews test. Check out our study showing that Incentivized Reviewers are much more likely to leave a positive review.

Brand Repeaters

• 
• 35%
• Reviewed other products from this brand

14 of the 40 reviewers have reviewed other products for this brand. While this is more Brand Repeaters than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between the Brand Repeaters and non-repeaters isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Brand Repeats test.

The ease score is the average rating for all reviews that a given reviewer submits. The average ease score for reviewers of this product is 4.3, while the average ease score for reviewers in this category is 3.9. While this discrepancy is rather large, it is not quite large enough to rule out the possibility of it being due random chance.

• 
• 65%
• Substantial overlapping review history

26 of the 40 reviewers have substantial overlapping product review history. While this is more than we'd expect to see, the discrepancy in ratings between these reviewers and reviewers who have a more unique product review history isn't significant enough to rule out the possibility of it being due to random chance.

Read more about our Overlapping Review History test.

• 
• 30%
• From reviewers with an overrepresented participation

We see the following 1 participation group with a statistically significant greater concentration than what we'd expect to see:

• Reviewers with 51-100 Reviews: 30.0% (Avg. rating: 2.3)

In total, we found that 12 reviewers (or 30%) are within an overrepresented participation group. While this is more reviews from overrepresented participation groups than we'd expect to see, these reviews do not appear to have a significant impact on the overall rating.

Read more about our Reviewer Participation test.

• 
• 0%
• Created over 17 days

We counted 40 reviews for this product over the span of 141 days, an average of 0.3 reviews per day. If these reviews were created randomly, there would be a 99.9% chance that we would see 3 or fewer reviews on any given day.

However, we see the following 17 days exceeding this threshold:

• 12 Reviews on Jun 27, 2016 (Avg. rating: 3.4)
• 12 Reviews on Jul 5, 2016 (Avg. rating: 3.3)
• 12 Reviews on May 19, 2016 (Avg. rating: 3.3)
• 11 Reviews on Mar 29, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.3)
• 11 Reviews on May 14, 2016 (Avg. rating: 4.1)
• 10 Reviews on Jul 1, 2016 (Avg. rating: 3.5)
• 10 Reviews on May 13, 2016 (Avg. rating: 3.4)
• 10 Reviews on May 12, 2016 (Avg. rating: 2.7)
• 10 Reviews on Jun 15, 2016 (Avg. rating: 2.7)
• 9 Reviews on May 11, 2016 (Avg. rating: 3.0)
• 9 Reviews on Jul 19, 2016 (Avg. rating: 2.0)
• 8 Reviews on Mar 30, 2016 (Avg. rating: 3.0)
• 8 Reviews on Jun 4, 2016 (Avg. rating: 3.0)
• 8 Reviews on Jun 8, 2016 (Avg. rating: 2.5)
• 8 Reviews on Jul 27, 2016 (Avg. rating: 2.5)
• 8 Reviews on May 31, 2016 (Avg. rating: 2.0)
• 8 Reviews on Jun 9, 2016 (Avg. rating: 1.6)
Show All

In total, we found that 0 reviews were created on just 17 days. This is within an acceptable range and it does not appear to be significantly affecting the overall rating for this product.
Read more about our Rating Trend test.